Trichloroethylene
Title: Trichloroethylene
CAS Registry Number: 79-01-6
CAS Name: Trichloroethene
Additional Names: ethinyl trichloride
Trademarks: Tri-Clene (DuPont); Trilene (Zeneca); Trichloren; Algylen; Trimar; Triline; Trethylene; Westrosol; Chlorylen (Schering); Gemalgene; Germalgene
Molecular Formula: C2HCl3
Molecular Weight: 131.39
Percent Composition: C 18.28%, H 0.77%, Cl 80.95%
Line Formula: Cl2C=CHCl
Literature References: Prepn from sym-tetrachloroethane by elimination of HCl (by boiling with lime): DE 171900; by passing tetrachloroethane vapor over CaCl2 catalyst at 300°: DE 263457; without catalyst at 450-470°: GB 575530 (1946 to du Pont). Physical properties: E. W. McGovern, Ind. Eng. Chem. 35, 1230 (1943); S. A. Mumford, J. W. C. Phillips, J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 75. Review of mfg processes: S. A. Miller, Chem. Process Eng. 47, 268 (1966); Faith, Keyes & Clark's Industrial Chemicals, F. A. Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 4th ed., 1975) pp 844-848. Toxicity data: H. S. Smyth et al., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30, 470 (1969). Review of carcinogenic risk: IARC Monographs 20, 545-572 (1979); B. L. Van Duuren, Environ. Res. 49, 333 (1989). Review of use as anesthetic: J. V. Farman, Br. J. Anaesth. 53, Suppl. 3, 3S-9S (1981). Review of metabolism, toxicity and carcinogenicity: J. V. Bruckner et al., Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 20, 31-50 (1989); of toxicology and human exposure: Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (PB98-101165, 1997) 335 pp. Series of articles on toxicology and risk assessment: Environ. Health Perspect. 108, Suppl. 2, 159-366 (2000).
Properties: Nonflammable, mobile liquid. Characteristic odor resembling that of chloroform. Use with adequate ventilation. d44 1.4904; d415 1.4695; d420 1.4642; d425 1.4559. Vapor density: 4.53 (air = 1.00). mp -84.8°. bp760 86.9°; bp400 67.0°; bp200 48.0°; bp100 31.4°; bp60 20.0°; bp20 -1.0°; bp10 -12.4°; bp5 -22.8°; bp1.0 -43.8°; nD17 1.47914; nD20 1.4775; nD25 1.45560. Soly in water (25°): 0.11 g/100 g. Misc with ether, alcohol, chloroform. Dissolves most fixed and volatile oils. Slowly dec (with formn of HCl) by light in the presence of moisture. Preserve in sealed, light-resistant containers; avoid prolonged exposure to excessive heat. Medicinal trichloroethylene may contain thymol as a preservative; industrial grades may contain stabilizers such as triethylamine. LD50 orally in rats: 4.92 ml/kg; LC (4 hrs) in rats: 8000 ppm (Smyth).
Melting point: mp -84.8°
Boiling point: bp760 86.9°; bp400 67.0°; bp200 48.0°; bp100 31.4°; bp60 20.0°; bp20 -1.0°; bp10 -12.4°; bp5 -22.8°; bp1.0 -43.8°
Index of refraction: nD17 1.47914; nD20 1.4775; nD25 1.45560
Density: d44 1.4904; d415 1.4695; d420 1.4642; d425 1.4559
Toxicity data: LD50 orally in rats: 4.92 ml/kg; LC (4 hrs) in rats: 8000 ppm (Smyth)
CAUTION: Potential symptoms of overexposure are headache, vertigo; visual disturbance, fatigue, giddiness, tremors, somnolence, nausea and vomiting; irritation of eyes, skin; dermatitis; cardiac arrhythmias, paresthesia; liver injury. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997) p 316. See also Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology vol. 2B, G. D. Clayton, F. E. Clayton, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, 3rd ed., 1982) pp 3553-3560; Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section II, pp 165-166. This substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen: Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition (PB2005-104914, 2004) p III-261.
Use: Solvent for fats, waxes, resins, oils, rubber, paints, and varnishes. Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers. Used for solvent extraction in many industries. In degreasing, in dry cleaning. In the manuf of organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, such as chloroacetic acid.
Therap-Cat: Anesthetic (inhalation).
Therap-Cat-Vet: Anesthetic (inhalation).
Keywords: Anesthetic (Inhalation).

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