Title: Penicillin G
CAS Registry Number: 61-33-6
CAS Name: (2S,5R,6R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Additional Names: benzylpenicillin; benzylpenicillinic acid; penicillin II
Molecular Formula: C16H18N2O4S
Molecular Weight: 334.39
Percent Composition: C 57.47%, H 5.43%, N 8.38%, O 19.14%, S 9.59%
Literature References: Discovery of antibiotic substance produced by Penicillium sp: A. Fleming, Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 10, 226 (1929). Preliminary isoln: P. W. Clutterbuck et al., Biochem. J. 26, 1907 (1932); and chemotherapeutic properties: E. Chain et al., Lancet 2, 226 (1940); E. P. Abraham et al., ibid. 2, 177 (1941). Review of early studies: E. Chain, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 17, 657-704 (1948); H. T. Clarke et al., The Chemistry of Penicillin (Princeton Univ. Press, 1949) 1094 pp. Crystal structure: D. C. Hodgkin, Adv. Sci. 6, 85 (1949). Fermentation process: A. L. Demain, N. L. Somerson, US 3024169 (1962 to Merck & Co.). Total synthesis: J. C. Sheehan, K. R. Henery-Logan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 5838 (1959); R. A. Firestone et al., J. Org. Chem. 39, 437 (1974). Review of clinical pharmacokinetics of penicillins: M. Barza, L. Weinstein, Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1, 297 (1976). Comprehensive description of the potassium salt: J. Kirschbaum, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 15, 427-507 (1987).
Properties: Amorphous white powder. [a]D +282° (ethanol). Sparingly sol in water. Sol in methanol, ethanol, ether, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform, acetone. Insol in petr ether.
Optical Rotation: [a]D +282° (ethanol)
Derivative Type: Sodium salt
CAS Registry Number: 69-57-8
Trademarks: Crystapen (Britannia); Penilevel (ERN)
Molecular Formula: C16H17N2NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 356.37
Percent Composition: C 53.92%, H 4.81%, N 7.86%, Na 6.45%, O 17.96%, S 9.00%
Properties: Crystals from methanol + ethyl acetate. [a]D24.8 +301° (c = 2.0 in water). uv max (water): 252, 257.5, 264 nm (EM about 300, 240, 180). Freely sol in water, isotonic saline, glucose solns. Sol in methanol; less sol in ethanol. Practically insol in acetone, chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, fixed oils, liq paraffin.
Optical Rotation: [a]D24.8 +301° (c = 2.0 in water)
Absorption maximum: uv max (water): 252, 257.5, 264 nm (EM about 300, 240, 180)
Derivative Type: Potassium salt
CAS Registry Number: 113-98-4
Trademarks: Cristapen (Glaxo Wellcome); Falapen (Frosst); Megacillin (tabl.) (Frosst); Pentids (BMS); Pfizerpen (Roerig)
Molecular Formula: C16H17KN2O4S
Molecular Weight: 372.48
Percent Composition: C 51.59%, H 4.60%, K 10.50%, N 7.52%, O 17.18%, S 8.61%
Properties: Crystals from aq butanol, mp 214-217° (dec). Moderately hygroscopic. [a]D22 +285° (c = 0.748 in water). Freely sol in water, isotonic saline, glucose solns; sparingly sol in ethanol. Practically insol in chloroform, ether, fixed oils, liq paraffin. pH of 6% aq soln 5.0 to 7.5.
Melting point: mp 214-217° (dec)
Optical Rotation: [a]D22 +285° (c = 0.748 in water)
Derivative Type: Mixture with clemizole
CAS Registry Number: 6011-39-8
Additional Names: Clemizole-penicillin
Trademarks: Neopenyl (Grñenthal)
Molecular Formula: C19H20ClN3.C16H18N2O4S
Molecular Weight: 660.23
Percent Composition: C 63.67%, H 5.80%, Cl 5.37%, N 10.61%, O 9.69%, S 4.86%
Literature References: Repository form of penicillin. Prepn: H. Mückter et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 4, 487 (1954).
Properties: White powder, mp 144-145°. [a]D24 +144.5° (c = 10 in DMF). Sol in methanol, ethanol, DMF; slightly sol in water, acetone, dioxane.
Melting point: mp 144-145°
Optical Rotation: [a]D24 +144.5° (c = 10 in DMF)
Therap-Cat: Antibacterial.
Therap-Cat-Vet: Antibacterial.
Keywords: Antibacterial (Antibiotics); ?Lactams; Penicillins. |